Taliparamba

Taliparamba (also known as Perimchellur ) is a city and a municipality in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala . It consists of 47 villages which are spread over an area of 1330.56 square kilometres ( 513.73 square miles ). It stretches from the coastal area of Ramanthali to Nuchiyard and Vayathur villages, touching the Karnataka border. Taliparamba is a small town of only 67 ,000 people crowded into a small area of 43 square kilometers. But the undulating hills that surround this little town make it exceptionally beautiful. The surrounding villages of Pattuvam, Kuttikkol and Karimbam are filled with lush green fields and little rolling hills. The rivers of Kuppam and Valapattanam surround the towns from all sides and the Arabian sea is only 14 kilometres to the western side. The hanging bridge at Kuttiyeri and the beautiful riverside temple at Parassinikkadavu attaract a large number of toruists. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur and the Pepper Research Station under Kerala Agricultural University at Panniyur, Kannur University, Pariyaram Medical College and Sir Syed College are a few famous institutions in and around Taliparamba . The origin of Taliparamba is from the Perinchalloor brahminical settlement. Of the original 2 ,000 Brahmin families, only 45 remain now. The old name of Taliparamba was 'Lakshmipura' as this place was considered as an abode of prosperity. The 'Sree Raja Rajeswara Temple ' and the 'Trichambaram temple ' are renowned places of worship. Today Muslims and Christians also form a sizeable portion of the population.

Demography

The District
has a population of 2 ,412 , 365 (2001 census). This is the most urbanised district in Kerala [citation needed ] . About 50.35 % of the population reside in the
urban agglomerations. The total urban population of Kannur district is 1 ,212 , 898. This is the second largest urban population in Kerala after Ernakulam and is more than the population of a metro city.The high urban population of the district is due to the 45 towns in the district which is the highest in Kerala. Kannur district has 7 statutory towns namely Kannur ,Kannur Cantonment , Thalassery , Payyannur ,Thaliparamba ,Kuthuparamba and Mattannur . In addition to this there are 38 census towns which are Ancharakandy ,Azhikode North , Azhikode South ,Chala , Chelora , Cherukunnu ,Cheruthazham , Chirakkal , Chockli, Dharmadom , Elayavoor , Eranholi, Iriveri , Kadachira , Kadirur ,Kalliasseri , Kanhirode Kannadiparamba , Kannapuram ,Kottayam-Malabar , Mavilayi ,Munderi , Muzhappilangad , Narath , New Mahe , Paduvilayi ,Pallikkunnu , Panniyannur , Panoor, Pappinisseri , Pathiriyad , Pattiom, Peralasseri , Peringathur ,Pinarayi , Puzhathi , Thottada ,Valapattanam , Varam .Kannur city has, apart from Malayalees and Tamils, a small Konkani, Portuguese , French ,Punjabi and Gujarati speaking population too.

Transport

The West Coast road from Mahe to
Talapady is the backbone of the
road system in Kannur district. This
is part of the National Highway (
NH-17). Kannur - Mattannur - Iritty
Road, Pappinisseri - Pilathara
Road, Taliparambu -
Sreekandapuram Road, Payyannur
- Peringome (Kozhichal) Road,
Thalassery – Kodagu road and the
Thalassery – Mysore road are the
other important roads. The airports
at Mangalore in Karnataka and
Kozhikode are about 125
kilometres away fromare about 125 Kannur. Kannur Airport is coming up at Mattannur is nearing completion. Thalassery, Kannur and Azhikkal are the minor ports in the district. Kannur is an ancient port. The nearest all-weather sea port is Mangalore , presently in Karnataka state name. The inland water transport system connecting Perumba and Thaliparamba was constructed in 1766 by the Ali Raja of Kannur. This 3. 8 km long canal is known as the Sultan' s Canal . The west flowing rivers are used for navigation. The Kuppam river has 244 km of navigable length; Valappattanam, 55 km and Anjarakandi, 23 km. The international airport at Kannur is coming up at Mattanur. [ citation needed ] .

Devisions

Kannur district
came into existence as an
administrative unit on January 1 ,
1957 , when the erstwhile Malabar
District and Kasaragod taluk of
Madras state were reconstituted
into three revenue districts, viz;
Kannur, Kozhikode and Palakkad .
At the time of its formation, the
district consisted of seven taluks,
viz, Kasaragod , Hosdurg ,
Taliparamba , Kannur , Thalassery ,
North Wayanad and South
Wayanad. Subsequently, the South
Wayanad taluk was included in
Kozhikode district with effect from
15 March 1957. Later, on first
November 1980 , Wayanad district
was formed carving out South
Wayanad and North Wayanad
taluks.The two northern most
taluks of Kannur district, viz;
Kasaragod and Hosdurg were
separated on 24 May 1984 for the
formation of Kasaragod district .
There are nine development blocks
comprising of 82 panchayats. The
development blocks are Kannur ,
Edakkad , Irikkur , Iritty ,
Kuthuparamba , Payyannur ,
Peravoor , Taliparamba and
Thalassery . The Municipal towns in
the district are Taliparamba ,
Kannur , Thalassery ,
Kuthuparamba , Payyannur and
Mattannur . Kannur district has
three taluks, viz., Kannur ,
Taliparamba and Thalassery . The
state legislative constituencies of
the District are: Irikkur , Payyannur
, Taliparamba , Kalliasseri ,
Azhikode , Kannur , Dharmadam ,
Thalassery , Mattannur ,
Kuthuparamba and Peravoor .

Economy and Industry

Economy

A majority of the
population of the district is
dependent directly or indirectly on
agriculture for their livelihood. The
main crops grown in the district are
paddy , coconut , pepper , cashew ,
tapioca , arecanut and plantation
crops like rubber . Asia's largest
cinnamon estate producing
cinnamon spice established by Lord
Brown of British East India
company in the year CE 1767 is
located at Anjarakandy in Kannur
district Paddy occupies the largest
area among annual crops. Under
the high yielding variety
programme, substantial increase in
paddy production has been
achieved, even though the
percentage of area sown under
paddy is decreasing year after
year, due to conversion of paddy
fields to other purposes. The
average yield of paddy is recorded
as 2146 kg. per hectare. Next to
paddy, coconut is the most
important crop in the district.
Coconut is extensively grown
throughout the district. An
important cash crop grown in the
district is cashewnut. The district
plays a unique role in its
cultivation and production. The
vast stretches of suitable waste
lands with low fertility status
extends scope for expansion of
cashew cultivation and its allied
industries. Among spices, pepper
occupies an important place.
Pepper is mostly grown as an
intercrop with coconut, arecanut
and various fruit trees. In the hilly
areas of the district, the inter-
cultivation is done with rubber and
cashew. Rubber is the most
important industrial cash crop
among the plantation crops. About
55 % of the rubber cultivation of
Kannur district is in Taliparamba
taluk, followed by Thalassery and
Kannur taluks. The yield of rubber
per hectare varies from 2000 kg to
4000 kg.

Industry
Kannur district
has had industrial importance from
very early days. Being blessed with
a variety of factors such as good
soil, salubrious climate, rich
forests, enormous fishing
potentials, minerals as well as
infrastructural facilities like road,
rail, inland water transport, etc.,
the district offers ample scope for
the development of industries.
Nevertheless, Kannur is an
industrially backward district in the
state. There is only one major and
five mini industrial estates in the
district. Keltron Complex,
Mangattuparamba and Western
India Plywood's, Valappattanam
are the two major industries. The
Western India Plywoods is one of
the biggest wood based industrial
complexes in South East Asia. The
district has 12 medium-scale
industries, most of which are either
cotton textile or plywood
manufacturing. Handloom Textiles,
beedi and coir are the important
traditional industries in the district.
About one lakh people depend on
the textile industry for livelihood.
The textile industry which accounts
for 40 % of all Small Scale
Industrial (SSI) units in the district,
was introduced in early 19 th
century by the German Basel
Mission . The first ready- made
garment unit in Kannur and the
first hosiery unit in Kuthuparamba
were started around the end of the
19 th century. The beedi industry
provides employment to about 50 ,
000 people. The famous beedi co-
operative ‘Dinesh Beedi’ and
Private owned Sadhu Beedi
companies are in Kannur district.
The coir industry which uses
traditional technology provides
employment to about 11 ,000
workers. There are 6934 small
scale industrial units in the district.
The district has 202 sick units
which is about 9.3 % of the sick
units of the state. Only 4828 units
are working now. 162 industrial
societies and four power loom
societies are also functioning here.
Kannur, Thalassery, Payyannur,
Taliparamba and Edakkad have
been identified as growth centers,
having potential for industrial
development.

Kannur Town and City

Kannur town - formerly known as
Cannanore , is a town and the
administrative headquarters of
Kannur District . Kannur City - is a
part of the Kannur town. This area
was the actual downtown in the
olden times, but is now mostly a
residential area.

Beaches

Kannur has several
beaches , some of which are:
Payyambalam Beach : It is the
beach of the Kannur town. It has
an unbroken coastline of a few
kilometres. From the beach, one
can see ships in transit along the
Malabar coast, that is, beyond
Calicut ( Kozhikode ) and moving
towards Mangalore , Goa and
Bombay ( Mumbai ). The well laid
out garden and the massive
landscaped sculpture of mother
and child erected by noted sculptor
Kanayi Kunhiraman makes it
extremely captivating. Baby Beach:
It is called so as it is smaller than
its bigger neighbourhood,
Payyambalam Beach. The famous
St. Angelo Fort is adjacent to it.
Meenkunnu Beach : Situated at
Azhikode, it is a few kilometres
from the town. Mopila Bay :
Situated near the St. Angelo’s Fort,
the Mopila bay has a historical
background. Centuries ago, it was
the seat of Kolathiri Kings. The
Kadalayi Fort and Sree Krishna
Temple were quite famous. The
remnants of the fort and the
temple are still seen in Mopila Bay.
A fishing harbour, built with Indo
Norwegian project assistance, can
be seen at this bay. Kizhunna
Ezhara Beach : 11 km from kannur,
is one of the most secluded
beaches in kerala. Muzhappilangad
Drive-in Beach : is Kerala’s only
drive-in beach [ citation needed ] ,
situated about 5 km north of
Thalassery and 15 km from
Kannur. There is an unpaved road
winding through coconut groves ,
leading to the beach. The beach is
about 5 kilometres long and curves
in a wide area providing a good
view of Kannur beach on the north.
To the South and about 200 metres
away from the beach there is a
beautiful island called the "Green
Island" which adds to the allure of
the beach. Dharmadam Island : (
100 metres away from the
mainland at Dharmadam): The
small 5 acre (20 ,000 m²) island
covered with coconut palms and
dense bushes is a beautiful sight
from the Muzhappilangad beach.
During low tide , one can walk to
the island from the beach. It is
surrounded by rivers and seas .
Permission is required to enter this
privately owned island.
Dharmadam, earlier known as
Dharmapattanam was a Buddhist
stronghold.

Geography and Climate

Geography
The district lies between latitudes
11ￂ 40 ' to 12° 48 ' North and
longitudes 74ￂ 52 ' to 76° 07 ' East
and covers an area of 2 ,996 km² .
Kannur can be geographically
divided into highland, midland and
lowland regions. Highlands are the
mountainous region forming part
of the Western Ghats and are
covered by rainforests , plantations
of coffee , tea and different types
of spices like cardamom . There
are also timber plantations in this
region. The midland region lies
between the highlands and
lowlands and is made up of
undulating hills and valleys. The
lowland is the narrow stretch
comprising of rivers , deltas and
the coastal region. Six rivers drain
Kannur, the longest being the
Valapattanam river with a length
of 110 km. Other rivers flowing
through Kannur district are
Kuppam, Mahe River, Anjarakandi,
Thalassery, Ramapuram and
Perumba. Climate The district has
a humid climate with an oppressive
hot season from March to the end
of May. This is followed by the
South-West monsoon which
continues till the end of
September. October and November
from the post- monsoon [North-
East Monsoon] or retreating
monsoon season. During the
months of April and May, the mean
daily maximum temperature is
about 35 ° C. Temperature is low in
December and January and the
minimum temperature is about 20
° C. On certain days the night
temperature may go down to 16 °
C , although this is extremely rare.
The annual average rainfall is
3438 mm and more than 80 % of it
occurs during the period of South-
West monsoon. The rainfall during
July is very heavy and the district
receives 68 % of the annual rainfall
during this season.

Government and Politics

Kannur
was once the nurturing ground and
think tank of the Communist
movement in Kerala, and was
home of the famous communist
leaders A.K. Gopalan (a.k.a AKG)
and E.K. Nayanar , former Chief
Minister (CM) of Kerala. A former
CM of Kerala, K. Karunakaran also
hails from Kannur. Communist
parties have a strong base in this
district. The Communist Party of
India (Marxist) -led Left Democratic
Front (LDF) governs five of six
municipalities in Kannur district.
Around 70 % of the panchayats are
governed by LDF. Panoor ,
Koothuparambu and
Mattanurareas of Thalassery Taluk
in the District has been a hub of
political violence between the
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
(CPI(M)) and the BJP lead RSS
combine. Clashes in 2008 left
seven people killed and many have
been injured. The High court of
Kerala called this manslaughter as
a “ compelling sport” and
suggested permanent deployment
of Central forces in the affected
areas. [ 2 ]

Indian freedom movement

Kannur
District played an important role in
Indian freedom movement. The
Indian National Congress , which
was founded in 1885 , established
a Malabar District committee in
1908. A branch of the All India
Home Rule League , founded by
Dr. Annie Besant , functioned in
Thalassery during this period and
among its active workers was V.K.
Krishna Menon . By the end of
1939 , a branch of the Communist
Party of India was formally
founded at Pinarayi, a village near
Thalassery . The decision of the
Nagpur Congress to give up
constitutional methods of agitation
and resort to Non-Violent non Co-
operation as a means of achieving
swaraj , led to the widespread
boycott of foreign goods, Courts of
law and educational institutions in
Kannur. Mahatma Gandhi and
Maulana Shaukat Ali toured the
district to carry the message of the
Non-Co-operation and Khilafat
Movements . The Khilafat
movement Moplah Rebellion of
1921 was the uprising of Muslims
against the British for abolishing
the Islamic Chaliphate in west Asia
resulting in the formation of a
secular Turkey. Payyannur
Conference Kannur District came
into the limelight of Kerala politics
in May 1928 , when the fourth All
Kerala Political Conference was
held at Payyannur under the
auspices of the Kerala Provincial
Congress. This conference was
presided over by Pandit Jawaharlal
Nehru . The Payyannur Conference
passed a resolution requesting the
Indian National Congress to adopt
“ Complete Independence” instead
of “ Swaraj” as its goal at the
annual session which was
scheduled to take place at Calcutta
(now Kolkata ) during that year.
Civil Disobedience Movement
Payyannur was the main venue of
the Salt Satyagraha , a major
turning point in the Indian
Freedom Movement, in Malabar.
On 13 April 1930 , a batch of
Congress volunteers under the
leadership of K. Kelappan started
on foot from Kozhikkode to the
beaches of Payyannur and broke
the salt laws there on April 21. The
Satyagraha camp at Payyannur was
raided and the campers were
beaten up. The Uliyath Kadav
Payyanur incident became a
turning point in the history of
freedom struggle in Kerala. It
thrilled the people and thousands
were ready to join in the struggle
for freedom. There were
widespread demonstrations in
Kannur, Thalassery and other parts
of the district and a number of
Congress workers were arrested.
The period following the
withdrawal of the Civil
Disobedience Movement witnessed
the emergence of radical wing in
the Kerala Provincial Congress.
Some of the radical elements in
the Kerala Provincial Congress
organized a Kerala unit of the
Congress Socialist Party in 1934
and functioned as a separate
group within the Provincial
Congress. The leadership of this
group was in the hands of persons
like P. Krishna Pillai , A.K. Gopalan
and E. M. S. Namboodiripad . An
extremist group of Nationalist
Muslims also emerged within the
Congress during this period under
the leadership of Muhammad
Abdur Rahiman. The Congress
Socialists and the Nationalist
Muslims made common cause
against the Gandhi an group
known as the Right Wing which was
led by such leaders as K. Kelappan
, C.K. Govindan Nair and K.A.
Damodara Menon. A notable
development in the politics of
Malabar during the thirties was the
rise of the Muslim League [
disambiguation needed ] as a
district political party. It was the
Muslim leaders of Kannur and
Thalassery who played the lead
role in forming this organization.
The leftist elements in the Kerala
Provincial Congress were also
active in the politics of Malabar in
the late thirties. They took an
active part in organizing the
workers, peasants, students and
teachers of Kannur district under
their banner. In the election held
to the Kerala Pradesh Congress
Committee in January 1939 , the
Rightists suffered a severe set
back. Muhammad Abdur Rahiman
Sahib [1] was elected as the
president of the K.P. C.C and E. M.
S. Namboodiripad as its general
secretary. Towards the end of the
same year, a branch of the Indian
Communist Party was formally
founded in Malabar . The Congress
Socialist Party workers joined the
Communist Party en bloc. Morazha
Incident The KPCC gave a call to
the people of Malabar to observe
September 15 , 1940 as Anti-
Imperialist Day. The action was
disapproved by the Congress High
Command, but there were
meetings and demonstrations all
over Malabar on this day. Kannur
district was the centre of this
agitation. There were violent
clashes between the people and
the police at several places and
lathicharge and firing were
resorted to by the police to meet
the situation. Two young men were
killed in a clash between a mob
and a police party at Morazha. The
young men were two police officers
Sub-Inspector K.M Kuttikrishna
Menon and Constable Raman. In
connection with this incident, K.P.
R. Gopalan , a prominent
communist, was arrested on a
charge of murder and later
sentenced to death. But, owing to
the intervention of several top
ranking political leaders including
Mahatma Gandhi, the death
penalty was not carried out. The
Quit India Movement of August
1942 also had its echoes in Kannur
district. A socialist group among
the Congress workers under Dr. K.B.
Menon, provided leadership to the
movement. Peasant struggles The
War period, especially from 1943
to 1945 , had its ravages on the
district. Famine and cholera
epidemic took thousands of lives
from the lower strata of society. On
the initiative of the people under
the leadership of the Kisan Sabha ,
commendable services were
rendered to tide over the crisis.
The “Grow More Food Campaign”
organized at Mangattuparamba by
the Kisan Sabha was a new chapter
in the history of mass movement .
More than 50 acres (200 ,000 m²)
of government land was brought
under cultivation. But the
government suppressed the
movement by force and destroyed
the farm [ citation needed ] .
Though the War ended in 1945 ,
famine continued to haunt the
people. Karivellor,Poomaram (
Thillenkeri) the northern most
village of the present Kannur
district, made a historic stride in
the struggle against poverty and
famine. The transporting of paddy
from Karivellore to Chirakkal
Kovilakom was blocked and
distributed to the people of the
village. The movement was led by
peasant leaders like A.V.
Kunhambu and K. Krishnan Master.
One Kannan and Kunhambu
became martyrs in the struggle
when police opened fire. During
the month of December 1946 , the
people of Kavumbayi, an eastern
village of the district, raised their
demand for punam cultivation . A
strong police contingent was sent
to the spot. The peasants resisted
the armed forces which led to the
killing of five peasants in the
firing. The rise of the organized
working class in the industrial
sector was another important
phenomenon of the period that
changed the course of the anti-
imperialism movement. The
struggle of Aron Mill workers in the
year 1946 is noteworthy in this
regard. Even after independence,
the struggles of the peasantry
formed an important part in the
history of the state. They fought
against landlords and their
exploitation. Places like
Thillankeri, Manayankunnu, Korom
and Paddikkunnu are memorable
in the annals of the peasant
struggles in the post independence
era. The All India Conference of
Kisan Sabha, held at Kannur in
1953 , resolved to initiate
struggles for new tenancy
legislations. The movement for
Aikya Kerala also got momentum
during this period and all sections
of the society rallied under the
movement.

History

The earliest evidence of
human habitation in the district
are rock-cut caves and megalithic
burial sites of the Neolithic age.
The Taliparamba -Kannur-
Thalassery area abounds in rock-
cut caves, dolmens , burial stone
circles and menhirs , all of
megalithic burial order [ citation
needed ] . The district was part of
the Chera kingdom, which ruled
most of Kerala during the first
several centuries CE. Later Kannur
was the capital of the Kolattiri
Rajas , whose kingdom had trading
relations with Arabia and Persia in
the 12 th century and 13 th
centuries. In his book on travels ( Il
Milione ), Marco Polo recounts his
visit to the area in mid 1290 s.
Other visitors included Faxian , the
Buddhist pilgrim and Ibn Batuta ,
writer and historian of Tangiers .It is also said that the ships of Solomon had anchored along the coasts of Kannur to collect timber for building the Temple of the Lord . Kannur also finds mention as Naura in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea , a Greek work of great antiquity. The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama visited Kannur in 1498 , and shortly thereafter it became a Portuguese settlement. The Portuguese led by Don Francisco de Almeda , the

Etymology

There are many myths
and legends behind the name
Kannur . It is said to be a
portmanteau derived from two
Malayalam words, ‘Kannan’ (
Krishna ), a Hindu deity, and ‘Ur’ (
place), making it the place of Lord
Krishna . One support for this
theory is that the deity of the
Kadalayi Srikrishna Temple was
originally installed in a shrine at
Kadalayi Kotta in the southeastern
part of the present Kannur town.
According to another version,
Kannur is a derivation of ‘
Kanathur’, an ancient village, the
name of which survives even today
as a ward in the municipality of
Kannur.

kannur

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